Although unscoped enumerations are distinct types in C++, they are not type safe, and in some cases will allow you to do things that don’t make sense. Consider the following case: #include <iostream> int main() { enum Color { red, blue, }; enum Fruit { banana, apple, }; Color color …
In lesson , we discussed that the compiler can implicitly convert a value from one data type to another through a system called implicit type conversion. When you want to numerically promote a value from one data type to a wider data type, using implicit type conversion is fine. Many …
If you were to ask a veteran programmer for one piece of advice on good programming practices, after some thought, the most likely answer would be, “Avoid global variables!”. And with good reason: global variables are one of the most historically abused concepts in the language. Although they may seem …
In lesson , we introduced local variables, which are variables that are defined inside a function (including function parameters). It turns out that C++ actually doesn’t have a single attribute that defines a variable as being a local variable. Instead, local variables have several different properties that differentiate how local …
So far, all of the variables we’ve seen have been non-constant — that is, their values can be changed at any time. For example: int x { 4 }; // initialize x with the value of 4 x = 5; // change value of x to 5 However, it’s sometimes …
A (also called a ) is a collection of project settings that determines how your IDE will build your project. The build configuration typically includes things like what the executable will be named, what directories the IDE will look in for other code and library files, whether to keep or …
Void is the easiest of the data types to explain. Basically, means “no type”! Consequentially, variables can not be defined with a type of void: void value; // won’t work, variables can’t be defined with a void type Void is typically used in several different contexts. Most commonly, void is …
Function parameters, as well as variables defined inside the function body, are called (as opposed to global variables, which we’ll discuss in a future chapter). int add(int x, int y) // function parameters x and y are local variables { int z{ x + y }; // z is a …
In the previous lesson, we learned that we could have a function return a value back to the function’s caller. We used that to create a modular getValueFromUser function that we used in this program: #include <iostream> int getValueFromUser() { std::cout << “Enter an integer: “; int input{}; std::cin >> …
In this lesson, we’ll talk more about std::cout, which we used in our Hello world! program to output the text Hello world! to the console. We’ll also explore how to get input from the user, which we will use to make our programs more interactive. The (io library) is part …
