The last category of flow control statement we’ll cover is the halt. A is a flow control statement that terminates the program. In C++, halts are implemented as functions (rather than keywords), so our halt statements will be function calls. Let’s take a brief detour, and recap what happens when …
This lesson continues our exploration of switch statements that we started in the prior lesson . In the prior lesson, we mentioned that each set of statements underneath a label should end in a break statement or a return statement. In this lesson, we’ll explore why, and talk about some …
This lesson is a continuation of lesson . In this lesson, we’ll take a look at some common problems that occur when using if statements. It is possible to nest if statements within other if statements: #include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << “Enter a number: “; int x{}; std::cin …
(h/t to reader Koe for providing the first draft of this lesson!) In lesson , we covered the noexcept exception specifier and operator, which this lesson builds on. We also covered the strong exception guarantee, which guarantees that if a function is interrupted by an exception, no memory will be …
(h/t to reader Koe for providing the first draft of this lesson!) In C++, all functions are classified as either (do not throw exceptions) or (may throw an exception). Consider the following function declaration: int doSomething(); // can this function throw an exception or not? Looking at a typical function …
Congrats! You made it through another one. The knowledge you gained regarding structs will be useful when we get to C++’s most important topic — classes! A (also called a ) is a custom type that we can create for use in our own programs. The enumerated types and class …
C++ supports two variants of namespaces that are worth at least knowing about. We won’t build on these, so consider this lesson optional for now. An (also called an ) is a namespace that is defined without a name, like so: #include <iostream> namespace // unnamed namespace { void doSomething() …
Each block defines its own scope region. So what happens when we have a variable inside a nested block that has the same name as a variable in an outer block? When this happens, the nested variable “hides” the outer variable in areas where they are both in scope. This …
In some applications, certain symbolic constants may need to be used throughout your code (not just in one location). These can include physics or mathematical constants that don’t change (e.g. pi or Avogadro’s number), or application-specific “tuning” values (e.g. friction or gravity coefficients). Instead of redefining these constants in every …
In the prior lesson (), we discussed how internal linkage limits the use of an identifier to a single file. In this lesson, we’ll explore the concept of external linkage. An identifier with can be seen and used both from the file in which it is defined, and from other …
