A (also called a ) is a collection of project settings that determines how your IDE will build your project. The build configuration typically includes things like what the executable will be named, what directories the IDE will look in for other code and library files, whether to keep or …
Void is the easiest of the data types to explain. Basically, means “no type”! Consequentially, variables can not be defined with a type of void: void value; // won’t work, variables can’t be defined with a void type Void is typically used in several different contexts. Most commonly, void is …
Function parameters, as well as variables defined inside the function body, are called (as opposed to global variables, which we’ll discuss in a future chapter). int add(int x, int y) // function parameters x and y are local variables { int z{ x + y }; // z is a …
In the previous lesson, we learned that we could have a function return a value back to the function’s caller. We used that to create a modular getValueFromUser function that we used in this program: #include <iostream> int getValueFromUser() { std::cout << “Enter an integer: “; int input{}; std::cin >> …
In this lesson, we’ll talk more about std::cout, which we used in our Hello world! program to output the text Hello world! to the console. We’ll also explore how to get input from the user, which we will use to make our programs more interactive. The (io library) is part …
What is C++11? On August 12, 2011, the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) approved a new version of C++, called C++11. C++11 adds a whole new set of features to the C++ language! Use of these new features is entirely optional — but you will undoubtedly find some of them …
In the previous lessons on integers, we covered that C++ only guarantees that integer variables will have a minimum size — but they could be larger, depending on the target system. The short answer is that this goes back to C, when computers were slow and performance was of the …
Always use parentheses to disambiguate the precedence of operators if there is any question or opportunity for confusion. The arithmetic operators all work like they do in normal mathematics. The modulus (%) operator returns the remainder from an integer division. The increment and decrement operators can be used to easily …
In addition to container classes and iterators, STL also provides a number of generic algorithms for working with the elements of the container classes. These allow you to do things like search, sort, insert, reorder, remove, and copy elements of the container class. Note that algorithms are implemented as functions …
An Iterator is an object that can traverse (iterate over) a container class without the user having to know how the container is implemented. With many classes (particularly lists and the associative classes), iterators are the primary way elements of these classes are accessed. An iterator is best visualized as …
