When working with arrays, we typically use the subscript operator ([]) to index specific elements of an array: myArray[0] = 7; // put the value 7 in the first element of the array However, consider the following IntList class, which has a member variable that is an array: class IntList …
Overloading the increment (++) and decrement (–) operators is pretty straightforward, with one small exception. There are actually two versions of the increment and decrement operators: a prefix increment and decrement (e.g. ++x; –y;) and a postfix increment and decrement (e.g. x++; y–;). Because the increment and decrement operators are …
In lesson , you learned how to overload the arithmetic operators using friend functions. You also learned you can overload operators as normal functions. Many operators can be overloaded in a different way: as a member function. Overloading operators using a member function is very similar to overloading operators using …
Overloading unary operators Unlike the operators you’ve seen so far, the positive (+), negative (-) and logical not (!) operators all are unary operators, which means they only operate on one operand. Because they only operate on the object they are applied to, typically unary operator overloads are implemented as …
In lesson , we discussed the six comparison operators. Overloading these comparison operators is comparatively simple (see what I did there?), as they follow the same patterns as we’ve seen in overloading other operators. Because the comparison operators are all binary operators that do not modify their left operands, we …
For classes that have multiple member variables, printing each of the individual variables on the screen can get tiresome fast. For example, consider the following class: class Point { private: double m_x{}; double m_y{}; double m_z{}; public: Point(double x=0.0, double y=0.0, double z=0.0) : m_x{x}, m_y{y}, m_z{z} { } double …
Some of the most commonly used operators in C++ are the arithmetic operators — that is, the plus operator (+), minus operator (-), multiplication operator (*), and division operator (/). Note that all of the arithmetic operators are binary operators — meaning they take two operands — one on each …
In lesson , you learned about function overloading, which provides a mechanism to create and resolve function calls to multiple functions with the same name, so long as each function has a unique function prototype. This allows you to create variations of a function to work with different data types, …
For much of this chapter, we’ve been preaching the virtues of keeping your data private. However, you may occasionally find situations where you will find you have classes and functions outside of those classes that need to work very closely together. For example, you might have a class that stores …
In the previous lesson on , you learned that static member variables are member variables that belong to the class rather than objects of the class. If the static member variables are public, we can access them directly using the class name and the scope resolution operator. But what if …
