are operators that let you compare two values. There are 6 relational operators: You have already seen how most of these work, and they are pretty intuitive. Each of these operators evaluates to the boolean value true (1), or false (0). Here’s some sample code using these operators with integers: …
The allows you to evaluate multiple expressions wherever a single expression is allowed. The comma operator evaluates the left operand, then the right operand, and then returns the result of the right operand. For example: #include <iostream> int main() { int x{ 1 }; int y{ 2 }; std::cout << …
Incrementing (adding 1 to) and decrementing (subtracting 1 from) a variable are both so common that they have their own operators. Note that there are two versions of each operator — a prefix version (where the operator comes before the operand) and a postfix version (where the operator comes after …
There are two unary arithmetic operators, plus (+), and minus (-). As a reminder, unary operators are operators that only take one operand. The operator returns the operand multiplied by -1. In other words, if x = 5, -x is -5. The operator returns the value of the operand. In …
This chapter builds on top of the concepts from lesson . A quick review follows: In mathematics, an is a mathematical calculation involving zero or more input values (called ) that produces a new value (called an output value). The specific operation to be performed is denoted by a construct …
When deciding to write a new game, there are 3 primary decisions that will drive forward your entire development process: 1) Figure out what you want to do. First, you have to come up with a good game idea. This can be really difficult, or it can be really easy, …
The smallest unit of memory is a , also called a . The smallest unit amount of memory that can be addressed directly is a . The modern standard is that a byte equals 8 bits. A tells the compiler how to interpret the contents of memory in some meaningful …
In programming, a is a fixed value that may not be changed. C++ has two kinds of constants: literal constants, and symbolic constants. We’ll cover literal constants in this lesson, and symbolic constants in the next lesson (). (usually just called ) are unnamed values inserted directly into the code. …
To this point, the fundamental data types we’ve looked at have been used to hold numbers (integers and floating point) or true/false values (booleans). But what if we want to store letters or punctuation? #include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << “Would you like a burrito? (y/n)”; // We want …
In real-life, it’s common to ask or be asked questions that can be answered with “yes” or “no”. “Is an apple a fruit?” Yes. “Do you like asparagus?” No. Now consider a similar statement that can be answered with a “true” or “false”: “Apples are a fruit”. It’s clearly true. …
