In lesson , we said, “An identifier’s linkage determines whether other declarations of that name refer to the same object or not”, and we discussed how local variables have no linkage. Global variable and functions identifiers can have either internal linkage or external linkage. We’ll cover the internal linkage case …
Iterating through an array (or other structure) of data is quite a common thing to do in programming. And so far, we’ve covered many different ways to do so: with loops and an index (for-loops and while loops), with pointers and pointer arithmetic, and with range-based for-loops: #include <array> #include …
With many different versions of C++ available (C++98, C++03, C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20, etc…) how does your compiler know which one to use? Generally, a compiler will pick a standard to default to (typically not the most recent language standard). If you wish to use a different language standard (and …
On modern computer architectures, the smallest addressable unit of memory is a byte. Since all objects need to have unique memory addresses, this means objects must be at least one byte in size. For most variable types, this is fine. However, for Boolean values, this is a bit wasteful (pun …
The (also informally known as the remainder operator) is an operator that returns the remainder after doing an integer division. For example, 7 / 4 = 1 remainder 3. Therefore, 7 % 4 = 3. As another example, 25 / 7 = 3 remainder 4, thus 25 % 7 = …
Consider a case where you’re going to go to the market, and your roommate tells you, “if they have strawberries on sale, buy some”. This is a conditional statement, meaning that you’ll execute some action (“buy some”) only if the condition (“they have strawberries on sale”) is true. Such conditions …
Before we talk about our next subject, we’re going to sidebar into the topic of scientific notation. Scientific notation is a useful shorthand for writing lengthy numbers in a concise manner. And although scientific notation may seem foreign at first, understanding scientific notation will help you understand how floating point …
In the previous lesson (), we covered signed integers, which are a set of types that can hold positive and negative whole numbers, including 0. C++ also supports unsigned integers. are integers that can only hold non-negative whole numbers. To define an unsigned integer, we use the unsigned keyword. By …
A is an error that occurs when you write a statement that is not valid according to the grammar of the C++ language. The compiler will catch these. A occurs when a statement is syntactically valid, but does not do what the programmer intended. The process of finding and removing …
When you make a semantic error, that error may or may not be immediately noticeable when you run your program. An issue may lurk undetected in your code for a long time before newly introduced code or changed circumstances cause it to manifest as a program malfunction. The longer an …
