In the prior lesson (), we discussed how internal linkage limits the use of an identifier to a single file. In this lesson, we’ll explore the concept of external linkage. An identifier with can be seen and used both from the file in which it is defined, and from other …
In lesson , we said, “An identifier’s linkage determines whether other declarations of that name refer to the same object or not”, and we discussed how local variables have no linkage. Global variable and functions identifiers can have either internal linkage or external linkage. We’ll cover the internal linkage case …
In the previous lesson (), we introduced this example: #include <algorithm> #include <array> #include <iostream> #include <string_view> int main() { std::array<std::string_view, 4> arr{ “apple”, “banana”, “walnut”, “lemon” }; auto found{ std::find_if(arr.begin(), arr.end(), [](std::string_view str) { return (str.find(“nut”) != std::string_view::npos); }) }; if (found == arr.end()) { std::cout << “No nuts\n”; …
Consider this snippet of code that we introduced in lesson : #include <algorithm> #include <array> #include <iostream> #include <string_view> // Our function will return true if the element matches bool containsNut(std::string_view str) { // std::string_view::find returns std::string_view::npos if it doesn’t find // the substring. Otherwise it returns the index where …
New programmers typically spend a lot of time writing custom loops to perform relatively simple tasks, such as sorting or counting or searching arrays. These loops can be problematic, both in terms of how easy it is to make an error, and in terms of overall maintainability, as loops can …
Iterating through an array (or other structure) of data is quite a common thing to do in programming. And so far, we’ve covered many different ways to do so: with loops and an index (for-loops and while loops), with pointers and pointer arithmetic, and with range-based for-loops: #include <array> #include …
With many different versions of C++ available (C++98, C++03, C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20, etc…) how does your compiler know which one to use? Generally, a compiler will pick a standard to default to (typically not the most recent language standard). If you wish to use a different language standard (and …
In the previous lesson, we talked about C-style strings, and the dangers of using them. C-style strings are fast, but they’re not as easy to use and as safe as std::string. But std::string (which we covered in lesson ), has some of its own downsides, particularly when it comes to …
On modern computer architectures, the smallest addressable unit of memory is a byte. Since all objects need to have unique memory addresses, this means objects must be at least one byte in size. For most variable types, this is fine. However, for Boolean values, this is a bit wasteful (pun …
The (also informally known as the remainder operator) is an operator that returns the remainder after doing an integer division. For example, 7 / 4 = 1 remainder 3. Therefore, 7 % 4 = 3. As another example, 25 / 7 = 3 remainder 4, thus 25 % 7 = …
